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Varicella, also known as chickenpox, is a self-limited benign disease
caused by primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection characterized
by fever, malaise, and generalized pruritic vesicular rash.
The average incubation period is 14-16 days. Symptoms usually occur 10-21 days after exposure. It is transmitted via direct contact with vesicular fluid or inhalation of aerosolized respiratory secretions or via droplet route during face-to-face contact.
Hallmark sign is pruritic rash that begins in the scalp and face which eventually spreads to the trunks and extremities.
Symptomatic therapy with antipyretics, antipruritics, analgesics or corticosteroids may be given.
In otherwise healthy children, varicella is often benign and requires symptomatic care only. Varicella in otherwise healthy adolescents and in immunocompromised patients tends to be more severe and they may be treated with antivirals preferably within 24 hours. Considering that varicella is a self-limited disease, antivirals are not recommended for immunocompetent children ≤12 years of age; benefits should be weighed against adverse events and treatment cost.
For further information regarding the management of Varicella (Pediatric), please refer to Disease Algorithm for the Treatment Guideline.
The average incubation period is 14-16 days. Symptoms usually occur 10-21 days after exposure. It is transmitted via direct contact with vesicular fluid or inhalation of aerosolized respiratory secretions or via droplet route during face-to-face contact.
Hallmark sign is pruritic rash that begins in the scalp and face which eventually spreads to the trunks and extremities.
Symptomatic therapy with antipyretics, antipruritics, analgesics or corticosteroids may be given.
In otherwise healthy children, varicella is often benign and requires symptomatic care only. Varicella in otherwise healthy adolescents and in immunocompromised patients tends to be more severe and they may be treated with antivirals preferably within 24 hours. Considering that varicella is a self-limited disease, antivirals are not recommended for immunocompetent children ≤12 years of age; benefits should be weighed against adverse events and treatment cost.
For further information regarding the management of Varicella (Pediatric), please refer to Disease Algorithm for the Treatment Guideline.